Combustion-engine.



J. DAY.

COMBUSTION ENGINE,

APPLICATION FILED DEC). 13, 1911.

1,039,705. Patented 0'@t.1,1912.

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JAMES DAY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

COMBUSTION-ENGINE.

:9 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 1, 1912.

Application filed December 13, 1911. Serial No. 665,430.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Jar-ans DAY, citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combustion-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates in general to internal combustion engines, and has for its object to provide an engine of this character which includes two pistons working in oppo site directions and which embodies novel features of construction whereby the force of the explosion is very effectively utilized.

A further object of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine of this character which is comparatively simple and inexpensive in its construction, which operates automatically to draw in the fresh charges and discharge the exhaust gases,

- and which will run with a smooth and even motion.

lVith these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel combinations and arrangements of the parts as will more fully appear as the description proceeds, the novel features thereof being pointed out in the appended claims.

F or a full understanding of the invention, reference is to be had to the following de scription and accompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a vertical sectional view through an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the invention, the two pistons being shown as moved apart to the maximum amount. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the upper portion of the engine, the pistons being shown as moved together so as to compress the charge preparatory to exploding the same, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view through the spark plug, on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated in all the views of the drawings by the same reference characters.

Specifically describing the present embodiment of the invention. the numeral 1 designates an upright cylinder which is closed at the top and open at the bottom, the said cylinder being surrounded. by a water jacket 2 of the usual construction. I This cylinder is rigidly mounted upon a base or support 3 from which a pair of standards a shaft 6 is journaled.

project, the

i said standards being formed with bearings within which the horizontal In the present instance, this shaft is shown as pr9vided at each end thereof with a fly wheel 7:

An upper piston 8 is slid'ably mounted within the cylinder 1, the exterior of the piston being provided with the packing rings 9 which form a tight joint with the cylinder. The piston 8 is hollow and open atthe lower end thereof for the reception of the lower piston 10 which is mounted within the interior of the piston 8, the said piston 10 being provided upon the exterior thereof with the packipg rings 11 which form a tightjoint with the interior of the upper piston.

The upper piston 8 and lower piston 10 are designed to move in opposite directions, the explosive mixture being compressed between the same when the pistons are brought together preparatory to exploding the charge. The lower piston 10 also has a hollow formation and is open at the bottom thereof, the lower end of the piston being provided with a transverse rod 12 which is connected by a link 13 to a crank portiomlt of the main shaft. The lower end of the upper piston 8 is provided upon opposite sides thereof with the laterally projecting pins 15 which are connected by the links lti to crank portions 17 of the shaft 6. The said crank portions 17 of the shaft 6 and cr' nk portion 14'ot' the shaft 6 are oppo sitely disposed so that the pistons are alternatelymoved toward and away from each other when the shaft is revolved, the position assumed by the pistons when moved apart to the maximum amount being inclicated by Fig. 1, while the position assumedby the pistons when brought together is indicated by Fig. 2.

A spark plug 18 passes through the head or closed end of the cylinder 1 and also passes through the upper piston 8 so as to project into the explosion chamber between the pistons. The upper piston 8 is shown as provided with packing 19 which surrounds the spark plug to provide a tight joint therewith. An inlet pipe 20 communicates with the upper end of the cylinder 1, and upon the downward movement of the upper piston 8, a fresh charge is sucked through the inlet pipe 20 into the space between theicylinder head and the upper piston. The spark plug is formed in one side v 21 so that the said passage opens commu'nisage into the space between the two pistons Q noeavoe thereof with a groove or passage 21, and. movement of the piston away from the when the upper piston reaches the upper closed end of the cylinder serving to draw limit of its movement, the said piston is a fresh charge into the cylinder and the moved above the lower end of the passage said fresh charge flowing through the pas cation between the explosion chamber and when the said first piston is moved toward the space within the cylinder above'the' the closed end of the cylinder, means for piston. The fresh charge which was preigniting the charge between the pistons, and viously sucked into this space then flows means for carrylng away the exhaust gases.

' through the passage 21 into the explosion 2. An internal combustion engine includchamber. Anexhaust opening 22 in'one ing a cylinder formed with a closed end, a

side of the upper piston 8 is simultaneously piston mounted within the cylinder, a seckrou'ght into registry with an exhaust pipe 0nd piston mounted within the cylinder, the 3, so that the exhaust gases are discharged aid pis ons being movable in opposite di- 5 through the exhaust pipe, a't/the same time rections, a charge supply pipe communicatthat a fresh charge enters the explosion ng wi h C10$ed n of the y ind "chamber through the passage 21 of the spark whereby a fresh charge is sucked into the plug. Upon the downward movement oi cylinder when the first mentioned iston is the upper piston 8, the lower end of the 'moved away. from the closed end 0 the cylf g passage 21 is closed so as to shut ofi oomindcr, a member projecting from the closed inunication between the explosion chamber end. of the cylinder and passing through the 'and the space within the cylinder above the first mentioned piston into the space be- 'istons. Simultaneously, the exhaust opentween the two pistons, the said member be Jng 22 of the upperpiston is \moved out ing formed with a passage through which 25 of re istry with the exhaust pipe 23 and the vfresh charge sucked into the cylinder close "by the upward. movement of the flows intothe space between the pistons lower piston 10. As the two pistons are when the first mentioned piston is moved then brought together, the charge is oomtoward the closed end of the cylinder, the pressed, and when the maximum degree of said passage being closed when the said first 3o compression, is reached, the charge is expiston moves away from the closed end of ploded, through the medium of the spark the cylinder, means for igniting the char e plug 18in the usual manner, the downward between the two pistons, and means for wit movement of the upper piston 8 in comdraw ng the exhaust gases pressing'the charge having served aspre- 1 3. An internal combustion engine com- 35 viously described, to draw a fresh charge prising a cylinder formed with a closed end,

through the inlet, pipe .20 into the space -a piston mounted within the cylinder, a sec above the upper piston 8. This operatidn. 0nd piston mounted within the cylinder, the is repeated as long as the engine is running, two pistons being movable in opposite dithe full force of the explosion in opposite rections, a charge inlet pipe leading to the 40 directions being exerted against the two piss d nd f h cylind a spa pl g tons and utilized in driving the englne. A projecting from the closed end of the cylincheck valve 25 is provided in' the inlet pipe dcr and passing through the first mentioned 20, the said check valve permitting the piston into the space between the pistons,

charge to enter the closed end of the cylinthe said spark plug being formed with a 45 der, altholi h it prevents the charge from passage which establishes communicationbe: 1,10

50 'ters Patent, is

being force out of the cylinder upon the tween the closed end of the cylinder and the upward movement of the hollow piston 8. space between the .pistons when the first Having thus described the invention, what mentioned piston is moved toward the closed I claim as new and desire to secure by Letend of the cylinder and is closed by the said first iston whenit moves away from the 1. l'n'an internal combustion engine, the close end of the cylinder, the said first piscombination of a cylinder having a closed ton upon its movement away from the closed end, a hollow piston mounted within the end of the cylinder serving to suck afresh cylinder, a charge inlet pipe communicating charge into the cylinder and this fresh 55 with the closed end of the cylinder, a second charge flowing through the passage into the iston mounted within the hollow piston, space between the pistons when the said first he said pistons being movable in opposite piston is moved toward the closed end of dlreckt ions, a member projecting from the the cylinder, and means for exhausting the close. end of the cylinder and passing products of combustion from the cylinder.

60 through the hollow piston, the said member 4. An internal combustion engine includbeing formed with a passage which is closed ing a cylinder formed with a closed end, a by the first piston when it is moved away charge inlet pipe communicating with the from the closed end of the cylinder and closed end of the cylinder, an exhaust pipe opened by "the first piston when it is moved communicating with one side of the cylin- 65 toward theclosed end of the cylinder, vthe 'der, a hollow piston mounted within the cylinder and formed in one side thereof with an opening adapted to be brought into registry with the exhaust pipe for discharging the products of combustion, a second piston mounted within the hollow piston, a shaft formed with oppositely disposed crank portions connected to the respective pistons, and a spark plug projecting from the closed end of the cylinder and passing through the first mentioned piston into the space between the pistons, the said spark plug being formed with a passage which establishes communication between the closed end of the cylinder and the space between the pistons when the first piston 1s moved toward the closed end ofvthe cylinder and is closed by the said first piston when it is moved away from the closed end of the cylinder, the movement of the first piston away from the closed end of the cylinder serving to suck a fresh charge into the cylinder and this fresh charge being forced through the pass sage into the space the first piston is moved toward the closed end of the cylinder. In testimony whereof I afiiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES DAY.

Witnesses:

EUGENE LEVY, N. STnINBFIRGER.

between the pistons when 

